乳糜瀉Celiac disease
乳糜瀉是一種慢性疾病，會導致營養吸收不良，需要長期管理和飲食控制，長期下來可能影響兒童的生長發育，造成發育遲緩且與特殊兒童的長期照護需求相似。
Celiac disease is a chronic condition that can lead to malabsorption, requiring long-term management and dietary restrictions. Over time, it may impact a child's growth and development, resulting in developmental delays, similar to the ongoing care needs of children with special needs.
乳糜或粥樣瀉（celiac disease）是自體免疫疾病，對麩質無法耐受所造成的腸病變，當患者攝取含有麩質的食物時，身體的免疫系統會錯誤地攻擊小腸絨毛，導致腸道損傷，進而影響營養吸收，而乳糜瀉的症狀多樣，腹痛是常見的症狀之一，但不會解血絲，因此乳糜瀉患者必須嚴格避免攝取含有麩質的食物，如小麥、大麥、黑麥等。麩質會導致腸道損傷，因此飲食治療的核心是無麩質飲食，另外使用抗生素無法解決根本問題。
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten. The immune response to gluten damages the villi of the small intestine, leading to malabsorption. Common symptoms include abdominal pain but typically exclude hematochezia. A strict gluten-free diet is the cornerstone of treatment, as gluten is the primary trigger for intestinal damage. Antibiotics are ineffective in treating the underlying cause.
併發症complication
乳糜瀉的併發症除了營養不良、骨質疏鬆症外，嚴重者可能需要進行腸道手術，如人工肛門造瘻術。人工肛門造瘻術會對患者的生活品質產生重大影響，需要長期且專業的護理。
In addition to malnutrition and osteoporosis, severe celiac disease may necessitate intestinal surgery, such as a colostomy. A colostomy can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and requires long-term, specialized care.
人工肛門造瘻口直接影響消化系統的功能，屬於消化系統疾病的一種。
An artificial anus directly affects the function of the digestive system.
正常的造瘻口外觀應呈粉紅色或紅色，表面濕潤。深黑色且乾燥的造瘻口可能表示組織壞死，造瘻口流出物會因腸道切口的位置、飲食內容等因素而有所不同。大量水樣引流物可能是正常的，但也可能是腸阻塞或其他問題的徵兆，乙狀結腸造口的位置較靠近肛門，糞便可能較成形，但仍可能因飲食等因素而呈現液狀，且術後初期，腸道功能尚未完全恢復，採低渣飲食可以減少腸道蠕動，減輕腸道負擔，促進傷口癒合。
A normal stoma should be pink or red and moist. A dark black and dry stoma may indicate tissue necrosis. Stoma output can vary depending on the location of the intestinal cut and dietary intake. A large amount of watery effluent may be normal, but it could also indicate a bowel obstruction or other problems. A sigmoid colostomy, located closer to the anus, is more likely to produce formed stool, but it can still be liquid depending on diet. In the early postoperative period, while the bowel is still recovering, a low-residue diet can reduce bowel motility, decrease bowel stress, and promote wound healing.
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