依賴指數（dependency ratio）
包括所有需要被扶養的人口，也就是非生產年齡人口（通常定義為14歲以下和65歲以上），而扶老比指老年人口對生產年齡(生產力人口被定義為15-64歲之間的人)人口的扶養比例。
The dependency ratio includes all people who need to be supported, namely the non-working-age population (typically defined as those aged 14 and under and 65 and over). The old-age dependency ratio, on the other hand, specifically refers to the proportion of the elderly population to the working-age population (defined as those aged 15 to 64).
依賴指數越高，表示每100個生產年齡人口需要負擔的依賴人口越多，也就是說，生產力人口的負擔越重。
A higher dependency ratio indicates that there are more dependents for every 100 people of working age, meaning a heavier burden on the productive population.
流行病學研究方法
Epidemiological Research Methods and Dependency Ratio
為改善高依賴指數的社會問題提供數據支持，例如研究老年人的健康狀況，發展適合老年人的醫療服務等，可以進行流行病學研究
流行病學研究收集到的數據可以幫助我們了解人口的健康狀況，進而為人口政策的制定提供參考。
Epidemiological research can provide data to support the improvement of social issues related to a high dependency ratio, such as studying the health of the elderly and developing appropriate healthcare services for them. Epidemiological research collected data can help us understand the health status of the population and provide a reference for the formulation of population policies.
描述性研究Descriptive Study
目的是描述疾病在人群中的分布情況，包括發生率、患病率、死亡率等。這正是護理師想要了解的資訊。透過描述性研究，護理師可以找出村里中高血壓、高血糖、高血脂的高風險族群，例如特定年齡層、性別、生活習慣等。可以為後續的分析性研究提供基礎資料，例如探討這些疾病的危險因子。
Aims to describe the distribution of diseases in a population, including incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates. This is exactly the information nurses want to know. Through descriptive studies, nurses can identify high-risk groups for hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in the village, such as specific age groups, gender, and lifestyles. It can provide a basis for subsequent analytical studies, such as exploring the risk factors of these diseases.
分析性研究Analytical Study
分析性研究旨在探討暴露因素與疾病之間的因果關係，需要比較暴露組和對照組。
Aims to explore the causal relationship between exposure factors and diseases, requiring comparison between the exposure group and the control group.
實驗性研究Experimental Study
需要對研究對象進行干預，並隨機分組。
Requires intervention on the study subjects and random assignment to groups.
縱貫性研究Longitudinal Study
需要長期追蹤研究對象，以觀察疾病的發生和發展過程。
Requires long-term follow-up of study subjects to observe the occurrence and development of diseases.
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