單側性發展性髖關節發育不良（developmental hip dysplasia, DDH）
發展性髖關節發育不良（DDH） 是指寶寶的髖關節發育異常，導致髖關節不穩定或脫臼。這會限制患側髖關節的活動範圍，並產生一些特徵性的表現。
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) refers to an abnormal development of a baby's hip joint, resulting in instability or dislocation of the joint. This can limit the range of motion in the affected hip and cause a number of characteristic signs.
DDH 的常見症狀：
Common Symptoms of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
皮膚皺褶不對稱： 患側的臀部和大腿內側的皮膚皺褶通常會比健側多或位置較高。
Asymmetric skin folds: There are usually more or higher skin folds on the affected hip and inner thigh compared to the unaffected side.
患肢較短： 患側的腿會比健側短。
The affected leg is shorter.
步態異常： 當寶寶單腳站立時，身體會不自覺地傾斜，以保持平衡。
Gait abnormality: When the baby stands on one leg, the body involuntarily tilts to maintain balance.
外展受限： 當雙腿彎曲至90度時，患側的腿無法像健側一樣完全向外張開。
Abduction limitation: When both legs are flexed to 90 degrees, the affected leg cannot be abducted as fully as the unaffected leg.
Barlow徵象： 患肢腿屈曲做外展運動時(患肢向內旋轉並向下壓時)，患側的股骨頭會滑回髖臼內，產生「卡嗒」聲。
Barlow's maneuver: With the hip flexed and adducted, downward pressure on the greater trochanter produces a palpable "clunk" as the femoral head is felt to slip posteriorly out of the joint.
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