口腔黏膜作為身體的屏障，不僅參與消化，更扮演著免疫防禦的重要角色。維持口腔黏膜的完整性，對於整體健康至關重要。然而，多種因素，如疾病、治療、以及不良的生活習慣，都可能導致口腔黏膜損傷，進而引發一系列的口腔問題。
The oral mucosa serves as a protective barrier for the body, playing a crucial role in both digestion and immune defense. Maintaining the integrity of the oral mucosa is essential for overall health. However, various factors such as diseases, treatments, and unhealthy habits can lead to oral mucosal injuries, resulting in a series of oral problems.
口腔黏膜損傷的原因Causes of Oral Mucosal Injuries
疾病： 口腔黏膜疾病、口腔癌、糖尿病、自身免疫疾病等。
Diseases: Oral mucosal diseases, oral cancer, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, etc.
治療： 放射線治療、化學治療、免疫抑制劑等。
Treatments: Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy, etc.
不良習慣： 吸菸、嚼檳榔、口腔衛生不良等。
Unhealthy habits: Smoking, betel nut chewing, poor oral hygiene, etc.
藥物副作用： 部分藥物可能引起口腔黏膜乾燥、潰瘍等副作用。
Drug side effects: Some medications can cause dry mouth and ulcers.
口腔黏膜損傷的影響
Impacts of Oral Mucosal Injuries
口腔黏膜損傷不僅會引起口腔疼痛、進食困難，更可能導致感染、影響營養攝取，甚至增加罹患口腔癌的風險。
Oral mucosal injuries can cause oral pain, difficulty in eating, and may lead to infections, malnutrition, and even an increased risk of oral cancer.
口腔黏膜損傷的預防與照護
Prevention and Care of Oral Mucosal Injuries
保持口腔清潔：
Maintain Oral Hygiene:
每日刷牙至少兩次，使用軟毛牙刷。
Brush your teeth at least twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush.
定期使用牙線清潔牙縫。
Use dental floss regularly to clean between teeth.
可使用漱口水，但應選擇不含酒精的漱口水。
Use alcohol-free mouthwash.
保持口腔濕潤：
Keep Your Mouth Moist:
張口呼吸病人可以用濕紗布覆蓋口腔，保持口腔濕潤，減少黏膜乾燥。
Patients who mouth-breathe can cover their mouths with a damp cloth to keep their mouths moist and reduce mucosal dryness.
多喝水，每日建議攝取2000-3000毫升。
Drink plenty of water, aiming for 2000-3000ml daily.
鼓勵患者多咀嚼，刺激唾液分泌。
Encourage patients to chew to stimulate saliva production.
避免刺激性食物：
Avoid Irritating Foods:
避免過熱、過冷、過硬、過酸的食物。
Avoid hot, cold, hard, or acidic foods.
忌菸酒。
Refrain from smoking and drinking alcohol.
藥物治療：
Medication:
口腔潰瘍可使用局部麻醉劑（如lidocaine）緩解疼痛，但不可用於清潔。
Oral ulcers can be treated with topical anesthetics (such as lidocaine) to relieve pain, but not for cleaning.
對於感染性口腔黏膜炎，可根據醫師指示使用抗生素或抗黴菌藥物。
For infectious stomatitis, antibiotics or antifungal medications can be used as directed by a doctor.
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