傳統上，躁症患者（manic episode）的病房環境確實會考慮到簡化的原則，以減少環境刺激，降低患者的躁動程度。然而每位躁症患者的症狀表現、耐受程度和喜好都不同。有些患者可能在簡化的環境中感到更安靜，但有些患者則可能感到無聊和壓抑，反而加重躁動。
Traditionally, the ward environment for patients experiencing manic episodes has been designed with simplicity in mind to reduce environmental stimulation and minimize agitation. However, the symptoms, tolerance levels, and preferences of each manic patient vary. While some patients may feel calmer in a simplified environment, others may feel bored and suppressed, which can exacerbate agitation.
躁症患者在發作期間可能出現衝動、攻擊或自殘行為，因此家具擺放需要考慮到安全因素，避免患者跌倒或受到傷害。
另外病房內的家具和設備應選擇耐用、不易損壞的材質，以減少患者對環境造成的破壞。
Given that manic patients may exhibit impulsive, aggressive, or self-harm behaviors, furniture placement should prioritize safety to prevent falls or injuries. Furthermore, ward furniture and equipment should be durable and resistant to damage to minimize destruction caused by patients.
雖然要避免過度刺激的環境，但仍可以通過一些手段創造舒適的氛圍，例如柔和的燈光、溫暖的色彩、綠色植物等，讓患者感到放鬆。
Although overly stimulating environments should be avoided, it is still possible to create a comfortable atmosphere through means such as soft lighting, warm colors, and greenery to promote relaxation.
躁動不安是躁症患者的常見症狀，提供能消耗體力的活動和設施，如健身器材、散步區域等，有助於患者消耗過多的精力，緩解躁動情緒。躁症患者通常能量消耗過多，需要補充足夠的熱量。高熱量、易於食用的食物可以滿足患者的營養需求，同時也方便患者自行取用。
Agitation is a common symptom among manic patients. Providing activities and facilities that can consume physical energy, such as exercise equipment and walking areas, can help patients expend excess energy and alleviate agitation.
Manic patients often have excessive energy expenditure and require adequate caloric intake. High-calorie, easy-to-eat foods can meet the patient's nutritional needs while also being convenient for self-serving.
鼓勵患者參與團體活動，與其他患者互動，有助於患者建立社交支持網絡，改善情緒。
Encouraging patients to participate in group activities and interact with other patients can help them build a social support network and improve their mood.
若躁症發作的患者與異性互動過於密切，應密切觀察兩人互動的程度，評估是否有可能演變成更危險或具有傷害性的行為，以便及時採取應對措施。將兩人分開是暫時且必要的措施，可以降低風險，但應避免過度限制患者的自由。
If a patient experiencing a manic episode engages in overly close interactions with someone of the opposite sex, it is crucial to closely monitor the extent of this interaction and assess the potential for more dangerous or harmful behaviors, allowing for timely intervention. Separating the two individuals is a temporary but necessary measure that can mitigate risks, but excessive restrictions on the patient's freedom should be avoided.
同時，鼓勵患者學習適切的異性互動是長期治療目標之一。這有助於患者未來重建社會功能，並減少類似事件再次發生。然而，在提供指導的過程中，應注意患者的情緒反應，避免過度干涉，以免加重其躁動不安的情緒。
Encouraging the patient to learn appropriate interactions with the opposite sex is a long-term therapeutic goal. This can help the patient rebuild social functioning in the future and reduce the recurrence of similar incidents. However, when providing guidance, it is important to be mindful of the patient's emotional reactions and avoid excessive interference, as this could exacerbate their agitation.
綜合來看，在處理躁症患者的異性互動問題時，應兼顧患者的安全、權益和康復需求，並根據患者的個體差異，制定客觀且符合治療目標的護理計畫。
In summary, when addressing the issue of interpersonal interactions with the opposite sex in manic patients, it is essential to balance the patient's safety, rights, and recovery needs. A personalized care plan should be developed based on the individual patient's characteristics that aligns with the therapeutic goals.
鋰鹽 Lithium（Lidin®）
鋰鹽最主要的臨床應用是治療躁鬱症中的躁狂發作。它能有效地穩定情緒，降低躁狂和抑鬱發作的頻率和嚴重程度。
Lithium is primarily used in the clinical treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder. It effectively stabilizes mood and reduces the frequency and severity of both manic and depressive episodes.
鋰鹽的作用機制並非促進兒茶酚胺的分泌，而是透過影響神經傳導物質的平衡來穩定情緒，療效通常需要數週甚至數月才能顯現，且需要長期服用以維持穩定。鋰鹽和鈉離子在腎臟的排泄機制相似，過量攝取鈉離子會降低鋰鹽的排泄，導致血中鋰濃度過高，產生毒性。許多患者在開始服用鋰鹽時會出現噁心、嘔吐等腸胃不適。進食服用鋰鹽可緩解症狀，且可以減緩鋰鹽對胃黏膜的刺激，降低噁心嘔吐的發生率。
The mechanism of action of lithium is not by promoting the release of catecholamines, but rather by influencing the balance of neurotransmitters to stabilize mood. Its therapeutic effects typically take several weeks or even months to manifest, and long-term use is often required to maintain stability. Lithium and sodium ions share a similar renal excretion mechanism, and excessive sodium intake can reduce lithium excretion, leading to elevated blood lithium levels and toxicity. Many patients experience nausea and vomiting as gastrointestinal side effects when they first start taking lithium. Taking lithium with food can alleviate these symptoms and reduce the irritation of lithium on the gastric mucosa.
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