EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus）
EB病毒與鼻咽癌的形成最有關，其中鼻咽癌中的未分化性癌（undifferentiated carcinoma）組織形態對放射線治療敏感性最好、效果最佳。
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most important factor in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Undifferentiated carcinoma, a type of NPC, is most sensitive to and has the best therapeutic effect with radiation therapy.
EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus）是一種人類皰疹病毒，可引起多種疾病，包括鼻咽癌。EB病毒感染會導致鼻咽上皮細胞的異常增殖，最終發展為鼻咽癌。鼻咽癌根據組織形態可分為鱗狀細胞癌、腺癌和未分化性癌。鱗狀細胞癌和腺癌是鼻咽癌的最常見類型，而未分化性癌是鼻咽癌中最具侵襲性的類型。未分化性癌細胞的細胞分化程度最低，細胞結構不完整，細胞間的連接也較弱。這些特點使未分化性癌細胞對放射線治療更加敏感。
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that can cause a variety of diseases, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma. EBV infection can lead to the abnormal proliferation of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, eventually developing into nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be classified into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma based on its histologic morphology. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are the most common types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, while undifferentiated carcinoma is the most aggressive type. Undifferentiated carcinoma cells have the lowest degree of cellular differentiation, incomplete cellular structure, and weak cell-to-cell adhesion. These features make undifferentiated carcinoma cells more sensitive to radiation therapy.
傳染性軟疣（molluscum contagiosum）
是由傳染性軟疣病毒 (MCV) 引起的。
它主要通過直接接觸感染者的皮膚而傳染，MCV 感染會引起皮膚上出現小而圓的丘疹，通常呈膚色或粉紅色。這些丘疹通常無痛，但可能會瘙癢。丘疹中央有一個小凹陷，可能擠出白色乳酪狀物質。
Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), which is part of the poxvirus family. It is a common skin infection that typically affects children and young adults. Molluscum contagiosum lesions are typically painless, flesh-colored bumps with a central dimple. They can spread through direct contact with an infected person or by contact with contaminated objects.
伝染性軟疣（molluscum contagiosum）は、痘瘡ウイルス科に属する伝染性軟疣ウイルス（MCV）によって引き起こされるウイルス性皮膚感染症です。これは、一般的に小児や若年者を悩ませる一般的な皮膚感染症です。伝染性軟疣の病変は、通常、無痛で肌色の隆起であり、中央に窪みがあります。感染者は直接接触したり、汚染された物体に触れたりすることで広がります。
전염성 연체종(molluscum contagiosum)은 포ックス바이러스과에 속하는 전염성 연체종 바이러스(MCV)에 의해 발생하는 바이러스성 피부 감염증입니다. 이는 일반적으로 어린이와 청소년에게 영향을 미치는 흔한 피부 감염증입니다. 전염성 연체종 병변은 일반적으로 통증이 없고 피부색 혹은 분홍색이며 중앙에 움푹 들어간 자국이 있습니다. 감염자와 직접 접촉하거나 오염된 물체에 접촉하면 전파될 수 있습니다.
人類乳突病毒（HPV）
人類乳突病毒（human papillomavirus, HPV）主要經由性行為而傳染，免疫力正常的年輕女性感染後通常能夠自行痊癒。
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is primarily transmitted through sexual contact. Young women with a normal immune system can usually clear the infection on their own.
HPV 6 與 11 型屬於低風險型HPV。雖然它們不會直接導致癌症，但卻是引起生殖器疣（俗稱菜花）最常見的病毒型別，而HPV-16 E6為致癌基因會提高婦女得到子宮頸癌、口咽癌的機率且（oncogene）。
HPV types 6 and 11 are classified as low-risk HPV. While they do not directly cause cancer, they are the most common types associated with genital warts. HPV-16 E6, on the other hand, is an oncogene that increases the risk of cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer in women.
HPV 疫苗對於未曾有過性行為或未受到 HPV 感染者最有效，目前的HPV疫苗主要針對高風險型HPV（如HPV 16、18型）以及部分低風險型HPV（如HPV 6、11型）進行預防。
HPV vaccines are most effective in individuals who have never been sexually active or have not been previously infected with HPV. Current HPV vaccines primarily target high-risk HPV types (such as HPV 16 and 18) and some low-risk HPV types (such as HPV 6 and 11).
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